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The discovery of X-rays

Publication Time:

2018-03-13

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In 1895, while studying the phenomenon of gas discharge in a cathode ray tube, German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovered that a screen coated with barium platinocyanide

In 1895, while studying the phenomenon of gas discharge in a cathode ray tube, German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen used a sealed glass tube fitted with two metal electrodes (one called the anode and the other the cathode). A high voltage of several tens of thousands of volts was applied across the electrodes, and air was removed from the glass tube using a vacuum pump. To block the leakage of light (an arc light) during high-voltage discharge, a layer of black cardboard was placed around the glass tube. During this experiment in a darkroom, he accidentally discovered that a barium platinocyanide-coated screen two meters away from the glass tube emitted a bright fluorescence. Further experiments showed that this fluorescence could not be blocked by cardboard, wood, clothing, or even a stack of books about two thousand pages thick. Even more surprisingly, when he held his hand near the fluorescent screen, he saw an image of his bones on the screen.

At the time, Röntgen concluded that this was a type of ray invisible to the human eye but capable of penetrating objects. Because he could not explain its principle or nature, he used "X," the symbol for an unknown variable in mathematics, as its designation, calling it "X-ray" (or X-rays or X-radiation). This is the origin of the discovery and name of X-rays, a name that has been used to this day. In commemoration of Röntgen's great discovery, it was later also named Röntgen radiation.

The discovery of X-rays has had an extremely important significance in human history, opening up a new path for natural science and medicine. For this, Röntgen was awarded the first Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901.

Science is constantly developing. Through repeated experiments and research by Röntgen and scientists from various countries, the nature of X-rays has gradually been revealed, confirming that it is an electromagnetic wave with an extremely short wavelength and high energy. Its wavelength is shorter than that of visible light (approximately 0.001–100 nm; the wavelength of X-rays used in medicine is approximately 0.001–0.1 nm), and its photon energy is tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of times greater than that of visible light. Therefore, in addition to the general properties of visible light, X-rays also have their own unique characteristics.

Discovery, X-rays, cardboard, Röntgen, wavelength, fluorescence, glass tube, visible light

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The nature of X-rays

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The discovery of X-rays

In 1895, while studying the phenomenon of gas discharge in a cathode ray tube, German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovered that a screen coated with barium platinocyanide

The nature of X-rays

Penetration ability refers to the ability of X-rays to pass through matter without being absorbed. X-rays can penetrate substances that are opaque to visible light.

The application of X-rays in medicine

X-rays are used in medical diagnosis, primarily based on their penetrating power, differential absorption, photosensitivity, and fluorescence.

The function of a large X-ray machine

High-frequency inverter technology achieves high-definition imaging with low-dose exposure. High-power, high-kV, high-mA load output meets the needs of whole-body photography.

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The discovery of X-rays

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